Enterprise architecture introduction pdf

The theory is not testable III. Explanation and Says what is, how, why, when, where and what will be: Provides Prediction EP predictions and has both testable propositions and causal explanations V. Design and action Says how to do something: The theory gives explicit prescriptions e. This might include mathematical terms, symbolic logic, tables, diagrams, graphs, illustrations, models, prototypes Constructs The focus point or object of the theory.

Many different types of constructs are possible e. An understanding of the origins and the thinking underpinning EA has relevance for this paper as it provides the foundation for EA concepts and frameworks, and provides the motivation for using the ZFEA as representative of the structural and ontological aspects of EA in general. The results of this analysis are summarised in Table 5. These results support the legitimacy of the discipline and support the use of EA as a theoretical base.

Table 5. Organisation as a holistic entity. Holistic system before the individual Shewhart From industrial engineering emphasized organizational control to enable [50] adaption. Past experience and process Forrester Motivate an underlying base to understand the business system as a whole for [51] organizational management. Discuss the elements of the organisation and interactions between elements Drucker [52] Business management motivation that argue for system as a whole broken into elements, as well as the interactions between elements Blumenthal Holistic systems planning to adapt to change, focus on IT systems within [53] organisations.

Underlying elements and interaction between elements is an enablement factor. Framework to understand organisational concepts and their contribution Senge [56] Emphasizes the system as a whole, with 5 elements of technology that are interdependent, and the interrelationships of system elements. As indicated in Table 5, systems theory and systems thinking underpin much of the theoretical base of EA.

Systems thinking supports a way of thinking about the organisation as a whole while also considering system parts with their interactions [56, 57]. Systems theory provides a theoretical base from which to model the complete organisation as well as elements and interrelationships between elements [16]. The underpinning of systems thinking is furthermore distinguishable in EA in general as published by Lapalme [10], Simon et al. According to Gregor it is required to look at the primary goals of the theory in order to classify it [28].

The ZFEA is a structural representation or an ontology of an organization and all its elements with their relationships that is descriptive in nature. According to Zachman, the archi- tecture built using the ZFEA schema would necessarily constitute the total set of descriptive representations that are relevant for describing the enterprise [1, 31].

We now need to determine which one. We followed the exact method of Gregor and this analysis is presented in Table 6. Table 6. ZFEA and the theory components of Gregor [28]. A holistic view is displayed. The ZFEA is a general schema that aims to provide a holistic view of any enterprise or engineered complex object and a very high level of generality is proposed. Generalization was part of the ZFEA development as the schema is derived from observing many different objects and industries Causal explanations Conforms: The ZFEA attempts to give statements of relationships among phenomena represented by the rows and columns in the matrix.

Zachman states that the model should not be applied deterministically but that it is an ontology that is repeatable and testable such as the periodic table , however, there is not yet evidence of the ZFEA being implemented in such a way. An explanatory theory typically do not conform to this component Prescriptive statements Does not conform: Statements in the theory specify how people can accomplish something in practice e.

This is somewhat supported by the ZFEA as the purpose of the ZFEA is to model an enterprise by using the interrogatives and perspectives, however, detailed process or method is not supported.

An explanatory theory typically do not conform to this component Given the results of the analyses, the conclusion can be made that the ZFEA could be regarded as an explanatory theory. An explanatory theory aims to provide an understanding on how, when and why an occurrence took place based on causality and argumentation. The ZFEA is aligned as its intent is to provide insights into the how, when and why of an enterprise. Each row, column and cell in the architecture is impacted by another e.

Changes in any model will have an effect on the other models. Changes in strategy cause for example, will have an impact effect on the rest of the enterprise. All components form part of the whole to provide context. The ZFEA is described as an ontology and a structural schema that aims to be a repeatable and testable description of an enterprise. It can be argued that the main goals of the ZFEA is aligned to the goals of an explanatory theory since both aim to provide insight, understanding and causal explanations, as well as indicate relationships among components.

Many different Enterprise Architecture Frameworks EAF addressing different business needs are available for use today, but for the purposes of this paper the framework of choice was the ZFEA. The ZFEA is an ontology and a two-dimensional schema aimed at providing a descriptive representation of a complex object [31].

ZFEA as explanatory theory provides a fresh perspective on how EA can be viewed, not as a methodology, but as a theory providing a lens for viewing or explaining an enterprise. EA as an explanatory IS theory for organisations also present a new platform, context and therefore perspective, for focussed strategic organisational research.

Further research would extend the analysis of EA as IS theory to other frameworks, as well as explore the implications when using EA as theory.

We furthermore want to investigate whether the ZFEA as meta-ontology for enterprises, may be considered as a meta-theory for organisational research. References 1. Zachman, J. IBM Syst. Urbaczewski, L. Accessed 05 Jan 5. Adenuga, O. IJCIT 03, 30—33 6.

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